Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. PTSD can affect anyone, regardless of age, background, or profession. As mental health awareness grows, so too does the need for people to understand PTSD in a deeper, more empathetic way.

According to Statistics Canada, about 9.2% of Canadians will experience PTSD at some point in their lives, making it crucial to shed light on this condition and explore its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

patient with PTSD condition
woman talking with man with PTSD

What is PTSD?

PTSD is a mental health condition that occurs after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening or highly distressing event. Common triggers include violent assaults, natural disasters, serious accidents, and military/war combat. While it’s normal to feel distressed after such events, individuals with PTSD may continue to experience intense feelings of fear, stress, or helplessness for months or even years afterward.

People with PTSD often struggle with intrusive memories, flashbacks, and nightmares related to the event. These symptoms can interfere with daily life, making it difficult to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or feel safe in everyday situations.

PTSD is when your brain’s alarm system stays on high alert even after the danger has passed. It’s more like your brain and body are still in fight-or-flight mode, even when there is no longer any immediate danger. This heightened state of alertness can lead to symptoms such as hypervigilance, anxiety, and difficulty relaxing.

PTSD in Canada

In Canada, PTSD affects a significant portion of the population. According to Statistics Canada, about 9.2% of Canadians will experience PTSD at some point in their lives.

Certain groups, such as first responders (paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs), police officers, firefighters, search and rescue personnel), military personnel, refugees, and Indigenous communities, may be more vulnerable to developing the condition due to the nature of their work or historical trauma.

PTSD signs

Signs and Symptoms and of PTSD

PTSD manifests in a variety of ways, and not everyone experiences the same symptoms. However, the condition is generally characterized by four main types of symptoms:

1. Intrusive Thoughts and Memories:

  • Flashbacks, reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again.
  • Disturbing dreams or nightmares about the event.
  • Severe emotional distress or physical reactions to reminders of the trauma.

2. Avoidance Behaviors:

  • Trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event.
  • Avoiding places, activities, or people that remind you of the event.

3. Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood:

  • Negative thoughts about oneself or the world.
  • Hopelessness about the future.
  • Memory problems, including not remembering important aspects of the traumatic event.
  • Difficulty maintaining close relationships.
  • Feeling detached from family and friends.
  • Lack of interest in activities once enjoyed.
  • Difficulty experiencing positive emotions.

4. Changes in Physical and Emotional Reactions (Hyperarousal):

  • Being easily startled or frightened.
  • Always being on guard for danger.
  • Self-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fast.
  • Trouble sleeping and concentrating.
  • Irritability, angry outbursts, or aggressive behavior.
  • Overwhelming guilt or shame.

Symptoms typically appear within the first few months after the trauma, but in some cases, they may emerge years later. The intensity of symptoms can fluctuate over time, especially if triggered by stress or reminders of the event.

Causes and Risk Factors of PTSD

PTSD is a result of exposure to a traumatic event, but not everyone who experiences traumas will develop the condition. Several factors can influence the risk of developing PTSD:

Nature of traumas:

The severity, duration, and proximity of the trauma can affect whether PTSD develops. Direct exposure to life-threatening events, repeated trauma, or events involving personal violence often lead to a higher risk.

Pre-existing mental health conditions:

People with a history of depression, anxiety, or other mental health disorders may be more susceptible to PTSD.

Support system:

Having a strong support network of family and friends can reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD. Conversely, social isolation can increase vulnerability.

Biological factors:

Genetics and brain chemistry play a role in how individuals process trauma. Some people may be biologically predisposed to experience higher levels of stress, making them more prone to PTSD.

Personal history:

A history of childhood trauma or abuse increases the likelihood of developing PTSD later in life. Addressing PTSD and childhood trauma specially in therapy can lead to significant improvements in mental health.

Age:

PTSD can affect anyone at any age, but some studies suggest that younger adults might be more vulnerable.

Gender:

Women are more likely to develop PTSD than men, possibly due to higher rates of domestic violence and sexual assault.

Diagnosis of PTSD

Diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves a thorough evaluation by a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Since PTSD symptoms can overlap with other mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or panic disorders, an accurate diagnosis is critical to ensure proper treatment and support.

Our team is equipped with advanced techniques to provide a thorough assessment.
For more information about our assessment process, please visit this page.

PTSD treatment

PTSD Treatment

At Different Clinic, we offer a range of innovative and evidence-based treatments tailored to meet the diverse needs of individuals with PTSD. Our approach combines advanced therapies with traditional methods to provide comprehensive care. Here’s the treatment options available:

A Different Word

PTSD is a serious but treatable condition that affects many people in Canada, especially those who have experienced or witnessed traumatic events. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with PTSD can lead fulfilling, healthy lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with PTSD and looking for a therapist for trauma, seeking help from mental health professionals at Different Clinic is an important step toward recovery.

At Different Clinic, we offer tailored treatment plans and professional PTSD therapist to help manage this condition and guide you through your healing journey. Reach out to us today for compassionate, expert care.

References:

  1. American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.)
  2. Ijlas, El, Founti, Khsim., Mirella, Martínez, Rodríguez., B., Riquelme, Gallego., Rafael, A., Caparros-Gonzalez., Carmen, Amezcua-Prieto. (2022). Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Childbirth: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12112598
  3. Sunil, J., Wimalawansa. (2013). Causes and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Importance of Right Diagnosis and Treatment. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, doi: 10.3126/AJMS.V5I2.8537
  4. (2024). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrived from nimh.nih.gov.
  5. (2024). About Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Retrived from canada.ca.

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